Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a blood product composed of pooled immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies extracted from the plasma of thousands of healthy donors. It is administered through a vein and is used to treat various immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory conditions. In primary immunodeficiency disorders, such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) or X-linked agammaglobulinemia, IVIG helps replace missing antibodies to prevent infections. It also plays a critical role in modulating the immune system in autoimmune diseases like Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
The mechanism of action of IVIG is multifactorial and includes neutralization of autoantibodies, suppression of inflammatory cytokines, and modulation of Fc receptors on immune cells. IVIG therapy is generally well tolerated but may cause side effects such as headaches, fever, chills, or, more rarely, serious reactions like renal dysfunction or thromboembolic events. Dosage and frequency depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s clinical response. Due to its high cost and demand, IVIG is considered a critical therapeutic resource, and its use is carefully managed to ensure availability for patients with life-threatening conditions.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a blood product composed of pooled immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies extracted from the plasma of thousands of healthy donors. It is administered through a vein and is used to treat various immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory conditions. In primary immunodeficiency disorders, such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) or X-linked agammaglobulinemia, IVIG helps replace missing antibodies to prevent infections. It also plays a critical role in modulating the immune system in autoimmune diseases like Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
The mechanism of action of IVIG is multifactorial and includes neutralization of autoantibodies, suppression of inflammatory cytokines, and modulation of Fc receptors on immune cells. IVIG therapy is generally well tolerated but may cause side effects such as headaches, fever, chills, or, more rarely, serious reactions like renal dysfunction or thromboembolic events. Dosage and frequency depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s clinical response. Due to its high cost and demand, IVIG is considered a critical therapeutic resource, and its use is carefully managed to ensure availability for patients with life-threatening conditions.
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